Swedish Grammer

Swedish Grammer has never been easy. Even most Swedish itself that I have talked to, knows the language by hard throughout their childhood. Below are Perfekt Particip, one of the Swedish grammer which I have studied in the past few days. I am cracking my heads off as to when I should be using this group each time. Finally, I went to library and grab a few swedish grammer books trying to find out and get it into my head. I also bought myself a Swedish verb book which actually helps. Of course I read and study few hours a day without fail.

Here are few example of Perfect Particip which are divided into so many different types of groups.

Group 1.
Luckily the group 1 is far and away the most common of all the groups. 67% of all the verbs are in this group. Which I may say, I will learnt in along the way.

The Infinitive
(infinitiv)

att grilla
(to grill)

This is the kind of verb you would use to create the FUTURE(Futurum) and CONDITIONAL TENSES (Konditionalis1)

In this group, the infinative form is exactly the same as the Imperative (Imperativ)

grilla combined with r : creates the present tense (presens) Grillar
grilla combined with de: creates the past tense (Preteritum) Grillade
grilla combined with t: creates the supine Form ( Supinum) Grillat

Group 2

Group 2 has 2 sub group, 2a and 2b.  The difference between them is the formation of the past tense. Group 2a accounts almost 11% of the verb while 2b accounts only 6%.


The Infinitive
(infinitiv)

att fylla
(to fill)   drop the "a" and combined with

er creates the present tense fyller
de (2a), te(2b) creates the past tense fyllde (2a)
t creates the supine form fyllt

att fylla belongs to group 2a.

example of group 2b is fästa  (fasten, attach)
create the past tense fäste (2b)

Group 3

Group 3 is the most infrequent group, accounting for less than 2% of the verbs. This verbs are usually very short only 2 or 3 letters long. the infinative always ends with a vowel beside a.

att tro
(to believe)

tro combined with r: creates the present tense (presens) tror
tro combined with dde: creates the Past tense (preteritum) trodde
tro combined with tte creates the Supine form (Supinum) trott

se
(look, see)
oregelbunda verbs:
se combined with dd: creates the present tense (presens) sedd
se combined with tt: creates the past tense ( preteritum) sett
se combined with dda: creates the supine form ( Supinum) sedda

Group 4
This group is one of the toughest group of verb. Either you study by hard every single verb or you speak the language from young to know it is the right verb being used. This group is so called strong verbs that do not follow any rules and that are so complicated that you may not want to bother about them. The verbs in this groups account 15%, unfortunately they are some of the most common verbs we will use.

Most group 4 are the oldest verbs in the swedish language.

Example of fews strong verbs:

Infinative   Imperative   Present    Past Tense     Supine Form    Engelska
Infinitiv     Imperativ     Presens    Preteritum     Supinum           English

binda        bind            binder        band               bjundit              bind, tie

brinna       brinn          brinner      brann              brunnit            burn

dyka         dyk              dyker        dök                  dykt                 dive

krypa       kryp             kryper       kröp                krupit             creep, crawl

Example of few Irregular verbs:

Infinative   Imperative   Present    Past Tense     Supine Form    Engelska

Infinitiv     Imperativ     Presens    Preteritum     Supinum           English


be               be                ber           bad                 bett              ask for, beg, plead


lägga          lägg            lägger      lade                 lagt             lay, put


BUT if you see the word "lägga" the same word with additional of av, ner ut, sig, sig i, på, på minnet, undan behind it became totally different.


lägga av    lägg av     lägger av     lade av      lagt av     finish, stop, cut it out


lägga ner  lägg ner    lägger ner    lade ner   lagt ner    shut down permanently


lägga ut    lägg ut     lägger ut       lade ut      lagt ut      lay out money, gain weight
                                                                                        pay out money


lägga sig   lägg dig    lägger sig     lade sig   lagt sig      go to bed, lie down

lägga sig i lägg dig i  lägger sig i   lade sig i  laft sig i   meddle, be nosy


lägga på   lägg på     lägger på     lade på    lagt på   hang up the phone


lägga på minnet   lägg på minnet  lägger på minnet  lade på minnet  lagt på minnet     memorize, remember

lägga undan  lägg undan  lägger undan  lade undan  laft undan  put aside, lay away.






Obviously regular practise makes it perfect. I heard all foreigners absolutely having the same problem in trying to understand the grammer which comes in so many irregular forms and complicated rules of understanding.


Good Luck me!!